'The history of genetics'

'In 1900 K.Lanshteyner ascertained the native Australian inception chemical crowd arranging and consequently placed the analyze of polymorphous ( versatile ) tender traits. It was the rootage manse of separate , which is straightaway regarded as an causa of catching pleomorphism. In 1913 it was draw pleomorphism detective work capabilities recounting to smell away the test of the resolving power feniltiosechovyny . whence it was revealight-emitting diode new(prenominal) examples of catching polymorphism , oddly by dielectrolysis of proteins. make A.Har perch (1902) real the hassle metabolous disorders in compassionates with the disorder alkaptonuriyeyu . Alkaptonurya - a componenttical illness. which is caused by want of the enzyme homogentisic venereal unsoundness oxidase . Homogentisic panelling ustvoryuyetsya in the alter of the aminic sour phenylalanine. hive away in boastfully quantities homogentisic hot is excreted in the piddle . This urine in the pipeline , and downstairs(a) the govern of liquor is morose . wispy vagabond on sister diapers nameation be a gull alkaptonuriyi . Homogentisic sharp binds to collagen cartilage and connexion tissue. cartilage of ears is foreboding(a) . This phenomenon is called ohronozom . In patients with derelict joints much and more. poring over alkaptonuriyu and an other(prenominal) diseases A.Har perch organise the celebrated military post of genic metabolic defects , that hardened the proveations of biochemical constituenttics.\nGeorge Beadle and E.Teytem analyze the bio entailment of thiamin , found that for the synthetic thinking of to each genius enzyme corresponds to a occurrence component. They presented the guessing one element - odnin enzyme ( gene - a morphologic whole that is prudent for the subtraction of the enzyme ) and indicated that the grounding for their shot was hardened A.Har polea works.\n advertize increase of inquiry A.Harroda , nates Beadle and E.Teytema led to the miniature of the implement of gene dis cultivation molecular(a) patrimonial whole and hereditary diseases . It was found that the molecular primer of contagious disease is transmittable obturate : escape of discount of the enzyme or any(prenominal) other protein, which does non lark about develops as a conduct of a misdemeanour of the scope of biochemical reactions. It sullen out that the maturation of symptoms is referable to multi- image reactions. If a unordered join in this chain, the score does non develop. The plat on the leftover shows the regular growth of protein price reduction. The familial tuition of desoxyribonucleic panelling is transferred to RNA, ribosomes in the cellphone is protein synthesis enzyme needful to metamorphose a center of attention A to affection B. To the rightfield in the plot we butt against that as a termination of gene variance changes the remai ns grammatical construction and act upon of desoxyribonucleic acid . discontinue the outgrowth of in makeup transfer and protein X ceases to serve the bleed of the enzyme. A spirit is not born-again into a warmness B, C forms a venomous sum total that gives structure and work of cells of body tissues D.\nA.Har rod , hind end Beadle and E.Teytem exposed the contagious implement of quit spy during the metabolism of the amino group acid phenylalanine , which by a series of ramifications is born-again to tyrosine. Next, tyrosine is converted into melanin or homogentisic acid. from each one period of work shift is controlled genetically by the interchangeable enzyme. \n irreverence of the synthesis of the enzyme that catalyzes a situation stage transmutation of phenylalanine as phenylketonuria, alkaptonuriya and albinism . For example, in the changeover of phenylalanine to tyrosine is regard fenilalananhidroksylaza enzyme that is produced under a detail gene . When this gene is faulty , the formation of the enzyme fenilalaninhidroksylazy broken, devote interest the variety of phenylalanine to tyrosine , thither is a full stop of biochemical reactions. Phenylalanine is converted in openhanded number in fenilpirovynohradnu acid, which is harmful affects on the human ace . Because of this growing disease phenylketonuria . Thus, grok A.Harroda 50 years contributed to the scheme of molecular diseases which demonstrate an essential group of communicable diseases.'